Researchers are studying how kratom alkaloids interact with several neurotransmitter systems, including the serotonin and noradrenergic systems. Laboratory studies report that mitragynine, the main alkaloid in kratom leaves, and the related compound 7-hydroxymitragynine bind to a range of brain receptors. Does kratom affect serotonin? Published work suggests these compounds may interact with serotonin and noradrenaline signaling, and a 2020 review of kratom pharmacology summarizes what is and is not yet known.
Serotonin is involved in regulating mood, appetite, and sleep, and studies suggest that mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine might bind to serotonin receptors in the brain. The noradrenergic system is also being studied, with noradrenaline playing a role in breathing, heart rate, and the body’s stress response. Some laboratory research has examined whether mitragynine affects the reuptake of noradrenaline; human data remain limited.
Caution with Kratom Use
While many adults include kratom in their routine, its interaction with neurotransmitter systems can have potential drawbacks, especially when used long-term. Some users have reported developing a reliance on kratom and experiencing withdrawal symptoms. There is also a risk of overuse and potential for misuse, particularly when combined with other substances. It’s important to exercise caution when using kratom and consult with a healthcare professional to ensure it’s appropriate for your individual needs.
What are Neurotransmitters?
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers responsible for transmitting signals within the brain’s neurons (nerve cells) and between neurons and other cells throughout the body, such as those in muscles and glands. In this process, nerve cells can be compared to mail carriers, and neurotransmitters to letters. When a nerve cell needs to communicate with another nerve cell or muscle, it releases neurotransmitters, which function like letters and are taken up by the recipient cell, which then reacts accordingly. Neurotransmitters facilitate the transmission of information between nerve cells, enabling our body to perform various tasks, including mood regulation and muscle movement.
Neurotransmitters and Kratom
Researchers are investigating how kratom may interact with several neurotransmitters in the brain, with serotonin and dopamine being the most notable ones. Laboratory studies have observed mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine interacting with serotonin receptors, particularly the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C subtypes. Serotonin signaling is involved in mood, sleep, and appetite, but receptor-binding studies alone do not show what happens in people.
Dopamine, another neurotransmitter, plays a crucial role in the brain’s reward and pleasure centers, as well as in movement, motivation, and emotional responses. Some research has examined whether mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine influence dopamine release and reuptake in the brain. Does kratom release dopamine? These compounds may bind to dopamine receptors, particularly D2 receptors, which are linked to the brain’s reward and motivation systems.
Kratom research on neurotransmitters is still early, so it is essential to use kratom responsibly and consult with a healthcare professional to ensure its appropriateness for individual needs.
Nervous System Receptors and Kratom
Kratom is known to interact with several receptors in the nervous system, as observed in studies examining the profile of mitragynine and the effects of mitragynine or Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl. How does kratom interact with the brain? Receptor systems researchers have studied include:
Serotonin receptors: Laboratory studies report interaction with the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors.
Dopamine receptors: Some studies report binding at D2 dopamine receptors, which are linked to the brain’s reward and motivation circuits. Research on kratom and the brain continues to explore how these interactions work.
Adrenergic receptors: Kratom alkaloids have also been studied at adrenergic receptors, which are involved in the body’s stress response.
Because mitragynine is the main kratom alkaloid, it is important to follow the directions on the label, avoid combining kratom with other substances, and talk with a healthcare professional before use if you take any medication, especially medications that affect serotonin. Kratom is not federally scheduled in the United States, but the Drug Enforcement Administration lists it as a drug of concern, and some states and cities regulate it.
MitWellness does not sell 7-hydroxymitragynine or any single-alkaloid isolate. Our MitWellness kratom products are made from whole-leaf powder and full-leaf extracts, manufactured under Good Manufacturing Practices consistent with 21 CFR Part 111, and third-party tested batch by batch, with a Certificate of Analysis available on request. Choose a measured format such as our kratom capsules or a ready-to-drink kratom shot, and contact MitWellness with any questions about our products.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Kratom products are intended for adults 21+.